GRE阅读最难题型,再度来袭!

作者:万炜 发布时间:2022-08-30

我之前曾经在公众号上写了一篇关于“GRE阅读中的词汇题”的文章,当时有很多小伙伴很积极的发表评论,大家普遍被这种题目折磨得非常痛苦。没看过的同学也可以先看一下之前这篇:

GRE阅读最难题型!80%25的考生都认知错误?

 

这次,我决定再抛出两道蛮有难度的词汇题,让大家感受一下这种题目对大家阅读以及词汇能力的要求。
      

01

 

Matisse’s art, with its spectacular immediacy and its mysterious depths, poses confounding problems for analysis. When Hilary Spurling writes of The Piano Lesson that “the picture cannot be confined to any single source or meaning,” she might be writing of any of Matisse’s works. Picasso’s themes, with their collage of traditional signs and symbols, are far more susceptible to conventional iconographic analysis than anything in Matisse. Similarly, the cubism of Picasso and Braque, while rejecting traditional perspective, can nevertheless be studied as an inversion of traditional norms, using the same tools that one uses to study those norms. But the solutions that Matisse arrives at are always idiosyncratic and tend to be unrelated to any system of ideas. Intuition is his only system. 

 

In the context in which it appears, “susceptible to” most nearly means
A. vulnerable to
B. amenable to
C. influenced by
D. prone to
E. exploitable by
 

答案

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B

这道题目对中国学生很有难度,选ABCD的都很常见。

 

首先,很多人会把susceptible这个词的意思误翻译成“易受影响的”,当然这不能怪大家,词典上普遍是这么翻的。于是很多人就直接选到C上。

 

然而,首先,X can easily be influenced by Y和X is actually influenced by Y就不是一样的,所以就算susceptible可以被翻译成“易受影响的”,它和C也不一样,因为C表达的是“真实受到了影响”。

 

其次,susceptible就是“容易受……的”,不要去把“影响”那两个字加进去。

比如,“I am susceptible to injury”就是“我容易受伤”,“he is susceptible to attack”就是“他容易受攻击”。如果硬要把“影响”二字翻进去,反而读起来会很别扭。以前在线下课上讲这篇文章,有同学问我如何理解“susceptible to”,我会告诉他们,这个词的用法就非常近似于“open to”,“prone to”,“vulnerable to”,所以我们一样可以说“I am open to injury”,“I am prone to injury”,“I am vulnerable to injury”。

 

直到我看到了这道新的词汇题出现,我傻眼了。很明显,A是vulnerable to,D是prone to,我到底选哪个?

 

这个词汇题迫使我在一对近义词当中进行更细致的甄别。于是,我决定,我两个都不选,因为还有一个B。“amenable to”其实也是“open to”的意思,“容易受……”,那我们如何区分ABD呢,毕竟都可以表达“容易受……”的意思。

 

唯一的区分点就是词汇的情感色彩:

“prone to……”和“vulnerable to……”后面都必须根负面的动作,比如“容易受伤”“容易受攻击”,因为这两个词本来表达的是坏事。

 

而“open to……”和“amenable to……”是中性的,它们后面可以跟任何性感色彩的内容。

 

看看这篇文章,它想表达的是Matisse的作品比Picasso的作品更容易进行传统分析,是没有所谓的价值褒贬的。所以,最终,这道题目最贴近原文的词语替换是B。

 

02

 

In A Fine Brush on Ivory, his appreciation of novelist Jane Austen, Richard Jenkyns remarks that in Austen scholarship, there are pressure that cause ordinary critical circumspection to break down. Principal among those pressures is the peculiar affection in which the person of Jane Austen is held by many readers. This affection is not altogether explained by admiration for her genius, nor is it entirely a symptom of nostalgia for her orderly, decorous, vanished world. The impulse to know personally this elusive, even mysterious, writer has led critics to approach her work in mostly biographical or historical ways, often in defiance of other critical fashions, especially the various formal approaches that have dominated modern literary criticism.

 

In the context in which it appears, “appreciation of” most nearly means
A. gratitude toward
B. awareness of
C. appraisal of
D. esteem for
E. grasp of

答案

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C

这道题目和刚才那道题目其实是非常相似的原理。大部分考生都认识appreciation这个词,我们会说“I appreciate your help”表达的是“我很感谢你的帮助”。于是,非常多人会自然选到A上,毕竟“gratitude”本来就是“appreciation”的核心意思之一。

 

然而,回到文章语境,开头第一句话告诉我们:

RJ这个人在对Austen scholarship的appreciation当中表示“Austen研究者们会面对一种压力,这种压力会打破研究者们平时所具有的谨慎”。

 

如果读懂了这个观点,我们会意识到,这只是RJ对奥斯汀研究的一个评价,并没有发表任何赞许。所以,“gratitude”显然是无从谈起的,在这个语境下,“appreciation”只能是一种中性的评论,而不涉及褒贬。所以,这道题自然应该选C。
以上两道题首先重申了之前我对于GRE阅读中词汇题所想表达的中心理念,那就是:

GRE阅读的词汇题绝不像TOEFL或IELTS词汇题那样“无脑”;在GRE词汇题当中,我们必须理解文章,绝不能直接选同义词。

 

其次,这两道具体题目告诉我们:

在语境当中,我们必须学会利用情感色彩这个利器,保证原词与替换词的态度方向一致。

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